A while back we’ve covered Microsoft started rolling out Edge 83 stable to users with Extension sync and other improvements. The update is neither available for download, nor Edge can be updated to version 83.0478.37 when you manually check for updates inside the browser. Microsoft has chosen the “Progressive rollouts” approach to deliver the update, which means it could take days to be available for everyone.

Microsoft turned on Progressive Rollout for Microsoft Edge stable on Windows 7, Windows 8/8.1 and Windows 10.
Microsoft has decided to roll out major updates for Edge over the course of several days as they monitor for updates health and can stop the update rollout if any issue occurs.
By monitoring the health of our updates closely and rolling out the updates over the course of several days, we can limit the impact of issues that might occur with the new update. With Microsoft Edge release 83, Progressive Rollouts will be enabled for all Windows 7, Windows 8 & 8.1, and Windows 10 versions of Microsoft Edge. We will support Microsoft Edge on Mac as soon as it is ready.
Things we generally try to update new Microsoft Edge are
I. 1. Launch new Edge browser
2. Click on ellipsis icon and select Settings
3. Select “About Microsoft Edge”. Edge will launch an update process, connects to Microsoft servers, checks for updates, and downloads the update if available.
4. You need to restart the browser to apply the update.
II. 1. Visit Download Microsoft Edge website
2. Select the Operating System, for instance, Windows 10
3. Click the Download button,
4. Microsoft Edge setup file will be downloaded. Double click it for Edge Installer to run, the installer will download and install Edge on your computer by connecting to the internet.
We’re unable to update to Edge 83 stable by using the above methods.
We’got another option, i.e offline installer. Yep!. Edge standalone Installer made available for Enterprise can be used by us where Microsoft enforced Progressive rolls out for Edge.
This thing is pretty straight forward
1. Head to https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/edge/business/download
2. Under Select channel/Version, select “Stable 83 (current)”
3. Select Build as “83.0.478.37”
4. Select Platforms as “Windows 64-bit” or “Windows 32-bit ”

5. Click Download, click Accept and Download
6. Once the download is complete, run the Microsoft Edge MSI Installer and launch Edge once the installation is complete.
This has worked for us.
Related articles:
Download Microsoft Chromium Edge Dev build Offline Installer
Microsoft Edge Chromium now available to download on Windows 7, 8, and 8.1
Updated manually here too, by running the new MSI.
On Windows 10 v1909 x64.